Depression is a mood disorder that affects over 350 million people in the world, without distinction of sex, age, and social status.
Depression has been defined as “the disease of the century”. If we hear more and more often, but not all really know what it is.
The term depressive disorder defines a group of disorders, psychopathological and psychiatric conditions that involve, first of all, significant alterations in mood of the person. The mood it is a psychic function that accompanies the adaptation of our inner world, psychological, and external: the tone is high when we are in for some pleasant conditions, it tends toward the bottom, when we live in unpleasant situations.
How to manifest depressive disorders
symptoms
However, the depression can be prevented and cured: adequate knowledge of the depressive disorder may help reduce the stigma associated with and motivate people to ask for help.
People who suffer from depression perceive as inadequate and worthlessconsider the surrounding environment as “hostile” and not supportive. The the future seems uncertain and full of challenges. Specifically, experience some of the following symptoms: loss of energy, change in appetite, insomnia or hypersomnia, anxiety, impaired concentration, indecisiveness, restlessness, sense of worthlessness, guilt or hopelessness, thoughts of self-harm or suicide. The ideas of death are intrinsic to the pathology of depression, characterized by themes of guilt, unworthiness, ruin, and are supported by the belief that there is no other way out of the condition of suffering, and that, therefore, the only way to relieve the emotional pain and do not represent a burden for the other steps through suicide.
Often it is believed that depression is merely a lowering of mood: instead, it is necessary to bear in mind that to characterize it is a set of symptoms that impair the way a person thinks, thinks and portrays herself, others and the outside world.
Feeling depressed means to see the world as if you wore glasses with dark lenses: everything becomes gray, opaque, and difficult to deal with, also perform normal daily activities such as getting out of bed, wash up, call a friend, do the shopping.
the causes and course
Depression is a disorder multifactorial in which aspects of the genetic, biological and psychosocial interact between them.
There are many empirical evidences that prove the important hereditary component in the depression. Studies show an increased risk (5% – 25%) of the development of a disorder similar in the family of first instance of the patients with major depression. This does not mean that it is inevitable to suffer from depression, but that you may be vulnerable to the disorder.
Depression comes from aalteration in the function of the systems monoaminergici -noradrenaline (NA), serotonin (5HT), dopamine – that contribute to the emergence of disorders somatic, cognitive, emotional, relational, and serotonin norepinephrine perform their action within nuclei of the brain responsible for the control of a series of functions (the modulation of mood, control of emotions, control of some cognitive functions, and the regulation of sleep and appetite, motivation) in depression have been altered
The stressful events to enable the development of depression are experienced by the subject as irreversible losses, destruction and total. Some of these can be: physical illness, separations, marital difficulties, in family relationships, changes in important role, home, work, layoffs, bankruptcies days or economic, to be a victim of a crime, or abuse in childhood, loss of a loved one.
Depression is a the disorder is often recurrent and chronic.
Who becomes depressed can easily suffer more times in the span of life and can have serious impairments in daily life. You are no longer able to work or study, to initiate and maintain social relationships, and emotional, to feel pleasure and interest in activities. 15 out of 100 people who suffer from clinical depression, severe die by suicide. The younger the affected person, the more compromises will be of serious consequence.
However, the depression can be prevented and cured: adequate knowledge of the depressive disorder may help reduce the stigma associated with and motivate people to ask for help.
People who suffer from depression perceive as inadequate and worthlessconsider the surrounding environment as “hostile” and not supportive. The the future seems uncertain and full of challenges. Specifically, experience some of the following symptoms: loss of energy, change in appetite, insomnia or hypersomnia, anxiety, impaired concentration, indecisiveness, restlessness, sense of worthlessness, guilt or hopelessness, thoughts of self-harm or suicide. The ideas of death are intrinsic to the pathology of depression, characterized by themes of guilt, unworthiness, ruin, and are supported by the belief that there is no other way out of the condition of suffering, and that, therefore, the only way to relieve the emotional pain and do not represent a burden for the other steps through suicide.
Often it is believed that depression is merely a lowering of mood: instead, it is necessary to bear in mind that to characterize it is a set of symptoms that impair the way a person thinks, thinks and portrays herself, others and the outside world.
Feeling depressed means to see the world as if you wore glasses with dark lenses: everything becomes gray, opaque, and difficult to deal with, also perform normal daily activities such as getting out of bed, wash up, call a friend, do the shopping.
What are depressive disorders?
The common feature of all depressive disorders and the presence of mood, sad, empty, or irritable, accompanied by somatic symptoms and cognitive domains that impact significantly on the ability of the functioning of the individual. The differences between them consist in the duration, temporal distribution, or in the presumed etiology.
Major Depressive Disorder
Is the classic condition in this group of disorders. It is characterized by discrete episodes of at least two weeks in duration (although most of the episodes have a duration considerably higher) that result in net changes the affective and cognitive and neurovegetative functions. It is important to pay particular attention to the distinction between the sadness and the physiological pain from a major depressive episode.
Depressive disorder, Persistent (dysthymia)
It is a form of depression is more chronic, it may be diagnosed when the alteration of the mood lasting at least two years in adults or one year in children.
Disorder by dysregulation of mood, disruptive
The main feature of the disorder disgregò the action of the mood disruptive is a chronic, severe and persistent irritability. Such a severe irritability has two main events: frequent outbursts of anger that are typically a response to frustration and can be verbal or behavioral; mood persistently or chronically angry between the serious outbursts of anger
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
The essential characteristics of premenstrual dysphoric disorder are the expression of the lability of mood, irritability, dysphoria, and anxiety symptoms that occur repeatedly during the premenstrual phase of the cycle and go to meet the emission around the onset of the instructions or shortly after.
Comorbidity with anxiety
The co-morbidity between depression and anxiety symptoms is very common, so much so that until the previous edition of the dsm-iv was present in the Disorder mixed anxiety-depressive. Today, the DSM-5, the clinical picture does not have this name, but you can instead add the specific “with anxiety” to each type of depressive disorder.
Bipolar disorder
In the DSM-5 bipolar disorder is classified in part, by recognizing a character which places it as the bridge between the disorders and depressive and psychotic. People who suffer from it tend to alternate between depressive phases followed by phases hypomanic or manic episodescharacterized by a mood quite high, the feeling of omnipotence, and by excessive optimism. During these phases, the thoughts you happen very quickly, the behavior can be hyperactive and chaotic, and the energy is so great that the patient may not feel the need to sleep or eat.
In general, the depressive phases tend to last longer than manic or hypomanic, usually last from a few weeks to a few months, while the phases of the manic or hypomanic last one to two weeks.
Sometimes, in bipolar disorder, the transition from one phase to another is quick and immediate, other times it is interrupted by a period of mood in normal (eutimico).
How to treat depressive disorders in the Centre Tice?
Treat depression involves, as first, recognize that they have a disorder, and ask for help. It is important to understand that depression is a disease that you can cure and there are several strategies that today we have to be able to intervene. First of all it is important to understand that depression it is a disease, it is not a fault it's something that we searched for.
The care with antidepressants it is important to relieve the symptoms of depression worse, which often do not allow the patient to actively participate in the work psychotherapeutic. Studies in fact show that the best cure for depression is the combination of drug therapy and psychotherapy. If pharmacological intervention acts on the symptoms, psychotherapy acts on the causes, mechanisms of maintenance and on the processes of functioning of the person. Tice, he collaborates with various doctors psychiatrists to ensure continuity and monitoring of the intervention, a coordinated and synergistic.
In the treatment of depressive disorders, cognitive-behavioral therapy has demonstrated its effectiveness. This therapy focuses on helping people to change behaviors, thoughts, and emotional responses negative associated with it. In the first phase, the patient will be accompanied by a reactivation of conduct, which will gradually bring to the experience, try again, pleasant sensations, a sense of mastery and observe the fluctuations of mood. Then you act on the thoughts that directly influence the way in which the patient feels.
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Mindfulness is a meditative practice that consists in the pay attention to the present moment with an attitude that is friendly and non-judgmentalby helping to mull less on the past and worry less about the future. Programs, cognitive-behavioral, integrating the mindfulness approach (MBCT), help patients better tolerate the painful emotions and to take away from one's own thoughts negativthe, and are especially useful in the relapse prevention. To TICE, we propose individual paths or in a group to raise awareness through meditation.
As said, the depression is an illness, which is not sick because he has little good will (that is one of the first things that disappears), and even weakness of character. Understanding this is very important, also for the family. Have a loved one depressed it is difficult to and you look in all of the ways to help him, but, sometimes, these attempts to help can be counter-productive. Some phrases like “think of those who are worse off than you,” or “you have to find the strength inside of you”, although they called for help, often lead the person with depression to fuel his sense of guilt and worsen the condition of deep sadness. The psychological counseling helps family members to develop the emotional impact of having a loved one with a diagnosis of depression, and explores the how can better support them.
People who suffer from depressive disorders sometimes have difficulties keeping the basic activities of daily life: this is why psychologists of TICE offer complete support and concrete in the most diverse areas (physical activity, personal hygiene, personal care).
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Adolescents who are struggling with the depressive symptoms are isolated from the other, are in trouble in social situations and have low self-esteem. Our team recognizes the the healing power of being part of a group. The Centers TICE act as a sheltered environment in which to experiment with social skills, being frequented by many children, and kids that learn to communicate in a constructive and positive manner. Very often, in fact, our classrooms become places in which to simultaneously develop organizational skills and study skills, but also ways of communicating and spending time with others in a healthy way.